"Text search engines are of course good for searching the text in documents, but the Semantic Web isn't text documents, it is data. It isn't obvious what the killer apps will be - there are many contenders. We know that the sort of query you do on data is different: the SPARQL standard defines a query protocol which allows application builders to query remote data stores. So that is one sort of query on data which is different from text search."
"One thing to always remember is that the Web of the future will have BOTH documents and data. The Semantic Web will not supersede the current Web. They will coexist. The techniques for searching and surfing the different aspects will be different but will connect. Text search engines don't have to go out of fashion."
Tim Berners-Lee's Blog - Links & Reviews
Tim Berners-Lee is widely recognized as the man who actually invented the World Wide Web (WWW), or the internet as we know it. His essential contribution was to author the Hypertext Transfer Protocol that is used to address web pages. What he first wrote as "httpd" quickly became what we know now as "http," the first part of every web page on the net. What he called a Universal Resource Identifier (URI) we now know as a URL (Universal Resource Locator). He is also the main visionary behind the development of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), which evolved from an early document sharing system named "ENQUIRE" he built at the CERN research lab in Switzerland during the 1980's, as well as his work with Robert Cailliau, Dan Connolly, and others in the W3 project in the 1990's. Berners-Lee also built one of the first web browsers and WYSIWYG html editors. As he said, "I just had to take the hypertext idea and connect it to the Transmission Control Protocol and domain name system ideas and — ta-da! — the World Wide Web." The rest, so to speak, is history.
In 1994, Tim Berners-Lee founded the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) at MIT which has guided the development of the programming standards that govern the internet. From the early days of HTML 1.0, the W3C group has overseen the introduction of CSS, XML, CGI, DOM, XHTML and other web protocols, the latest of which are RDF, OWL, SOAP, and SPARQL. Reading Tim Berners-Lee's blog is then one of the best places to get advanced information on the next generation of web development, presented in a way that is down to earth and to the point. To be sure there are plenty of links to resources and technical specifications, but what is refreshing is someone with unparalleled expertise on the workings of the internet cutting through all of the proliferation of jargon and spec sheets to illustrate what is really important. Berners-Lee has also built a new web browser, named Tabulator, which can be used to develop and explore the data which forms the building blocks of Web 3.0, the Semantic Web.
Berners-Lee blogs about what the differences are between a web of documents and a web of data, and how the new standards build upon the first two generations to transform the world again. He distinguishes between the Net (the infrastructure), the Web (the documents), and the Graph (the semantic web). In his enunciation, the Semantic web is more important for "machine to machine" communication, allowing "intelligent agents" to make sense of the sprawl of data in a way much different than the search engines filter results today. In the long term, the Graph is the foundation required for complex Artificial Intelligence to emerge in the stages before the Singularity.
"Do you have a URI for yourself? If you are reading this blog and you have the ability to publish stuff on the web, then you can make a FOAF page, and you can give yourself a URI. A lot of people have published data about themselves without using a URI for themselves. This means I can't refer to them in other data. So please take a minute to give yourself a URI. If you have a FOAF page, you may just have to add rdf:about="" and voila you have a URI http://example.com/Alan/foaf.rdf#ABC. (I suggest you use your initials for the last bit). Check it works in the Tabulator. The URI will start with 'http' (so I can look it up using HTTP) and it will have # in it, so the URI of your foaf file is different from the URI for you. Me, I make my foaf file in N3 and convert it to the foaf file in RDF. that's my choice. The AWWW says that everything of importance deserves a URI. Go ahead and give yourself a URI. You deserve it!"
The Building Blocks of the Semantic Web
The semantic web comprises the standards and tools of XML, XML Schema, RDF, RDF Schema and OWL that are organized in the Semantic Web Stack. The OWL Web Ontology Language Overview describes the function and relationship of each of these components of the semantic web:
- XML provides an elemental syntax for content structure within documents, yet associates no semantics with the meaning of the content contained within.
- XML Schema is a language for providing and restricting the structure and content of elements contained within XML documents.
- RDF is a simple language for expressing data models, which refer to objects ("resources") and their relationships. An RDF-based model can be represented in XML syntax.
- RDF Schema is a vocabulary for describing properties and classes of RDF-based resources, with semantics for generalized-hierarchies of such properties and classes.
- OWL adds more vocabulary for describing properties and classes: among others, relations between classes (e.g. disjointness), cardinality (e.g. "exactly one"), equality, richer typing of properties, characteristics of properties (e.g. symmetry), and enumerated classes.
- SPARQL is a protocol and query language for semantic web data sources.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web
Further Resources:
http://dig.csail.mit.edu/breadcrumbs/blog/4
http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/
http://simile.mit.edu/
http://esw.w3.org/topic/SweoIG/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenD...
http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/sweo/
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